effect of endurance training in changes of blood lactate and plasma calcitonin gene related peptide levels in type 2 diabetic rats

Streptozotocin-induced type2 diabetes causes functional and metabolic changes in some tissues and subsequently produces some intermediates and substances which enter the circulation. On the other hand, endurance training can modify the amount of these substances. In this study, the effects of diabetes and endurance training on resting levels of blood lactate and plasma calcitonin gene- related peptide [CGRP] were investigated. Fifty rats were divided into 4 groups including control nondiabetic [n=10] training nondiabetic [n=10] nontraining diabetic [n=15] and training diabetic. Diabetes was induced by feeding with high fat diet HFD and injecting STZ. The training groups underwent an endurance training program on treadmill. Blood Lactate concentration was measured by a lactate kit and plasma CGRP concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay kit [EIA]. In the control nondiabetic, training nondiabetic, nontraining diabetic control and training diabetic groups, the restig values of blood lactate were 2.4, 2.08, 4.5, 3.7 [mmol/L] and plasma CGRP values were 0.40, 0.35, 4.9,3.0 [ng/ml], respectively. Resting levels of circulating lactate and CGRP were higher in diabetic subjects than in control nondiabetic rats and endurance training decreased resting value of blood lactate in diabetic rats but did not change the plasma CGRP. Thus, it seems that the role of endurance training in ameliorating diabetes is due to decreasing resting level of blood lactate, but not plasma CGRP

Relationship between serum umbilical cord and maternal leptin and adiponectin concentrations with fetal growth parameters

Pregnancy and accelerated fetal growth always are related with major metabolic changes and body fat redistribution and adiponectin is one of principle adipocyte hormones, so studying adiponectin changes during pregnancy may reveal some hidden parts of fetal metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess adiponectin and leptin levels in umbilical cord and maternal serum, their relation with each other and with neonatal weight, birth length and other fetal growth markers. The study was carried out with 72 appropriate for age newborns [36 female, 36 male] and their mothers. The anthropometric variables of the newborns studied were birth weight, birth length, and birth weight/birth length and ponderal index. Maternal and umbilical cord adiponectin and leptin levels were measured by ELISA and compared. The median of cord blood adiponectin concentration were 3 fold higher than those of maternal group. Umbilical cord blood leptin levels were significantly correlated with neonatal birth weight and birth weight/ birth length [r= 0.29, P=0.01 and r= 0.24, P= 0.04, respectively]. No statistical difference has been demonstrated between both groups of male and female neonates regarding birth weight, birth length, maternal and neonatal leptin levels, ponderal index and maternal and neonatal adiponectin levels. Neonatal leptin is related to birth weight. Adiponectin has no relation with birth weight. Neither leptin nor adi-ponectin correlated with gender difference